Ever since the 1950s, the world of science has been intrigued by the significant impacts of psychedelics on the human brain. Recent research reveals that these substances, rather than distorting perception, might instead enhance cognition by overexposing the brain’s neural pathways, thus changing our understanding of brain functionality.
Psychedelics are chemical substances that induce alterations in perception, mood, and cognitive processes. Commonly used psychedelics include psilocybin (also known as magic mushrooms), LSD, mescaline, and DMT. The mechanism behind these substances’ effects on the brain is still a mystery, but numerous studies are digging into the connection between psychedelics and the brain.
One of the fields where the impact of psychedelics has been extensively observed is neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience and learning. A study conducted by the University of California revealed that psychedelics might foster neuroplasticity, promoting nerve cell growth and connection. According to the research, psychedelics increase cognition and perception by generating new connections between cells and strengthening existing ones.
Psychedelics appear to promote brain plasticity by releasing the brain’s overly tight control on perception and thought processes, thereby promoting new ways of thinking and perceiving the world. This ‘loosening’ of the brain’s control is supposed to generate an explosion of neural activity as new connections form between parts of the brain that don’t usually communicate. This activity echoes the theory of ‘entropic brain,’ suggesting that for normal adult consciousness to occur, the brain must have a balance between order and disorder.
When looked at through the lens of the entropic brain theory, one can understand how psychedelics might stir creativity. By temporarily dissolving the rigid, patterned responses and behaviors our adult brains have adopted, they allow a more child-like flexibility and inquisitiveness into reality.
Investigations into the interaction of psychedelics with the serotonin 2A receptor have also revealed exciting findings. This receptor plays a significant role in cognitive functions as it is fundamentally involved in the neural pathways responsible for cognition. The substances seem to mimic serotonin by binding to these receptors, which can result in profound changes in perception and cognition.
This influence is far-reaching, even touching on the therapeutic aspects. Psychiatrists are increasingly interested in using psychedelics to treat disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Given their effect on the serotonin system, researchers believe that these substances could help to ‘reset’ the brain in individuals suffering from these conditions. It is, however, critical to mention that while there is potential, this research is still in its early phase and should not be taken as a green light for indiscriminate use of psychedelics.
Moreover, the use of psychedelics is surrounded by a stigma, often associated with the counterculture of the 60s and illicit drug use. This perception, albeit shifting, affects their scientific investigation and potential therapeutic application. Despite this, studies around these substances continue, gradually unfolding their impacts on the brain and cognition.
Our understanding of the exact influence of psychedelics is still under development, but what we’re learning contradicts the widely accepted notion that these substances merely distort reality. Instead, they appear to allow users to perceive the world in new and unexpected ways, by fostering neuroplasticity, enhancing cognition, and altering perception through effecting changes in the brain’s neural pathways.
Further studies, field trials, and the reduction of prevalent stigmas are necessary before psychedelics’ true potential can be widely accepted and utilized. However, developments until now suggest a promising future for these substances, especially regarding their role in deeper insights into the functionality of the human brain and potential therapeutic applications.
Sources:
1. ZME Science
2. ScienceDirect
3. SAGE Journals
4. Frontiers in Pharmacology